{"id":988,"date":"2016-11-06T08:40:45","date_gmt":"2016-11-06T08:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ragipsahin.com\/?p=988"},"modified":"2016-10-22T10:04:57","modified_gmt":"2016-10-22T10:04:57","slug":"pi-sayisinin-tarihcesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ragipsahin.com.tr\/?p=988","title":{"rendered":"Pi SAYISININ TAR\u0130H\u00c7ES\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kaynaklar pi say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in, ilk ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferin, Archimedes taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Archimedes; pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferini hesaplamak i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntem vermi\u015f ve pi de\u011ferini 3+1\/7 ile 3+10\/71 aras\u0131nda tespit etmi\u015ftir. Bu iki kesrin ondal\u0131k say\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 3,142 ve 3,1408 dir. Bu iki de\u011fer, pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilinen ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olan bir de\u011ferdir. Ancak Archimedes’in gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r’da uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmekte.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Archimedes’in sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130skenderiye’de \u00d6klid’den ders ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00d6klid’in de Eski M\u0131s\u0131r ve Mezopotamya Babil y\u00f6resinde uzun y\u0131llar dola\u015fan bir matematik\u00e7i oldu\u011fu, bilinen tarihi bir ger\u00e7ektir. \u0130skenderiyeli tarih\u00e7i Herodot, metrika adl\u0131 eserinde pi say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi de\u011fer 3,71’dir. Bu de\u011fer, \u0130skenderiyeli Heron’dan sonra gelen, eski Yunan ve orta\u00e7a\u011f matematik\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 de\u011ferler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130skenderiyeli Heron’un verdi\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131k de\u011ferin de, Mezopotamya men\u015feli olmas\u0131 ve Mezopotamyal\u0131lar’dan al\u0131nma takribi bir sonucu temsil etmesi muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n

Pi say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde, Babilliler’in \u00e7ok eski zamanlardan beri, kullan\u0131lan yakla\u015f\u0131k bir bilgiye sahip olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genel olarak pi=3 de\u011ferini kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Baz\u0131 tabletlerde pi=3,125 de\u011feri ne de rastlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayd\u0131n Say\u0131l\u0131, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en eserinde, “Mezopotamyal\u0131lar’da, idealle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7emberlerle \u00fc\u00e7genlerdeki geometrik m\u00fcnasebetler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenen problemlerde teorikle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve soyutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir durum mevcuttur” der. B\u00f6yle problemlerde sonu\u00e7 hesaplan\u0131rken pi say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in, de\u011ferinin kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu de\u011feri; Mezopotamyal\u0131lar takribi sonu\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullanmaktayd\u0131lar. Daha iyi yakla\u015f\u0131k sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek istedikleri zaman pi=3,125 de\u011ferini uygularlard\u0131. Ancak pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n; M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar’\u0131nkinden ve Susa tabletlerinin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi de\u011ferden olduk\u00e7a daha iyi bir de\u011feri, ilkin Archimedes taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015ftur. Kaynaklar; Mezopotamyal\u0131lar, yamuk alan\u0131 hesab\u0131 ile, silindir ve prizma hacim hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 bildiklerini ve pi i\u00e7in de 3 de\u011ferini kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Fakat eski Babil \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ait olup, Susa’da bulunmu\u015f olan tabletlerde pi i\u00e7in kabul edilen de\u011ferin 3,125 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn bir veya \u00e7ok bilinmeyenli cebir denklemleriyle \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz t\u00fcrden bir\u00e7ok problemlere Babil tabletlerinde rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mesela: Bu tablette, bir dikd\u00f6rtgenin eniyle boyunu veren say\u0131lar birbiriyle \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131r ve bu say\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki fark, bu \u00e7arp\u0131ma eklenirse 153 elde ediliyor. Ayn\u0131 say\u0131lar birbirine eklenirse 27 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu \u015feklin eni, boyu ve y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc nedir sorusu soruluyor ve cevap olarak: 20, 7 ve 140 de\u011ferleri veriliyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kaynaklar pi say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in, ilk ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferin, Archimedes taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Archimedes; pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferini hesaplamak i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntem vermi\u015f ve pi de\u011ferini 3+1\/7 ile 3+10\/71 aras\u0131nda tespit etmi\u015ftir. Bu iki kesrin ondal\u0131k say\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 3,142 ve 3,1408 dir. Bu iki de\u011fer, pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilinen ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olan bir de\u011ferdir. Ancak Archimedes’in …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[397,398,396],"class_list":["post-988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","tag-pi-sayisini-kim-buldu","tag-pi-sayisinin-icadi","tag-pi-sayisinin-tarihcesi"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2YBEC-fW","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ragipsahin.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/988","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ragipsahin.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ragipsahin.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ragipsahin.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ragipsahin.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=988"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ragipsahin.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/988\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ragipsahin.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ragipsahin.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=988"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ragipsahin.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}